What are the Most Common Types and What Steps you Can Take

Cancer is a very common condition in Australia – It’s estimated that 165,000 Australians were diagnosed with cancer in 2023 – that’s 452 per day. Almost 2 in 5 Australians will be diagnosed with cancer by the age of 85.

In the face of these staggering statistics, it becomes crucial to shed light on the most prevalent types of cancer in Australia and explore actionable steps individuals can take for prevention and early detection.

The Big Three: Breast, Prostate, and Lung Cancer

1. Breast Cancer

Statistics: In Australia, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women. In 2023 alone, over 19,000 new cases were reported.

Action Steps:

• Regular Screenings: Mammograms are crucial for early detection, especially for women over 50. Regular self-examinations can also enhance awareness.
• Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and limiting alcohol intake can contribute to reducing breast cancer risk.

2. Prostate Cancer

Statistics: Among Australian men, prostate cancer is the most common cancer, with over 21,000 new cases reported in 2023.

Action Steps:

• Regular Check-ups: Men over 50, or those with a family history, should discuss prostate cancer screening with their healthcare provider.
• Healthy Diet: Incorporating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat foods may help lower the risk.

3. Lung Cancer

Statistics: Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Australia, with over 9,000 new cases in 2023.

Action Steps:

• Quit Smoking: Tobacco use is the primary cause of lung cancer. Quitting smoking is the most effective way to reduce the risk.
• Awareness of Environmental Factors: Understanding and minimizing exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as asbestos and radon, can contribute to prevention.

Other Common Types of Cancer in Australia

Bowel Cancer: A Silent Threat

Statistics:

• Annually, approximately 15,531 Australians receive a diagnosis of bowel cancer, equivalent to 299 new cases every week.
• Alarmingly, 1,716 individuals under the age of 50 are among those diagnosed.

Action Steps:

• Screening Programs: Participate in national screening programs, which can detect early signs of bowel cancer.
• Dietary Changes: Adopting a diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables while reducing the consumption of processed meats can contribute to lowering the risk.

• Risk Increase: Studies suggest that alcohol consumption may contribute to an increased risk of bowel cancer.
• Moderation is Key: Limiting alcohol intake and understanding its association with cancer risk is crucial for prevention.

Melanoma of the Skin: A Growing Concern

Statistics:

• In 2019, 15,628 cases of melanoma of the skin were reported in Australia, making it the third most commonly diagnosed cancer.
• Estimated new cases for 2023 stand at 18,257, with 10,639 males and 7,618 females affected.

Risk and Prevention:

• Age and Gender Factors: The risk of being diagnosed with melanoma of the skin by the age of 85 is 1 in 17 (5.9%), with variations between males (1 in 14 or 7.0%) and females (1 in 21 or 4.8%).
• Sun Safety: Protecting the skin from harmful UV rays through sunscreen, protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure is vital.

• Self-Examinations: Regularly check your skin for any changes, moles, or unusual spots. If in doubt, consult a dermatologist.
• Professional Skin Screenings: Annual or biennial check-ups with a dermatologist can aid in early detection.

General Cancer Prevention Strategies

1. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle

• Balanced Diet: Incorporate a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your diet.
• Regular Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
• Limit Alcohol: Moderation is key. For most adults, this means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men.

2. Sun Safety

Australia has one of the highest rates of skin cancer in the world. Protect yourself by:

• Using Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30.
• Wearing Protective Clothing: Hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves can provide additional protection.

3. Stay Informed and Seek Regular Check-ups

• Know Your Family History: Understanding your genetic risk can guide screening recommendations.
• Regular Health Check-ups: Routine medical check-ups can aid in the early detection of various cancers.

By understanding the spectrum of cancer and adopting proactive measures, individuals can empower themselves in the fight against this prevalent and complex disease. Stay informed, prioritize preventive actions, and work collaboratively with healthcare professionals to ensure a healthier future.

REFERENCES
https://www.bowelcanceraustralia.org/facts
https://www.canceraustralia.gov.au/cancer-types/melanoma/statistics#:~:text=100%2C000%20in%202019.-,Deaths,958%20males%20and%20497%20females).

https://www.cancersa.org.au/research/cancer-statistics/#:~:text=National%20Cancer%20Statistics%3A,by%20the%20age%20of%2085.

https://www.health.gov.au/topics/cancer/about-cancer/types-of-cancer