Benfotiamine is a highly bioavailable form of thiamine. It exhibits superior tissue penetration as it can readily cross cell membranes. Dephosphorylated by intestinal alkaline phosphatases, the lipophilicity of S-benzoylthiamine enables it to diffuse through the intestinal epithelium and enter the bloodstream. Once in circulation, it undergoes conversion to free thiamine by enterocytes.

Acetyl L-Carnitine plays a critical role in energy production. It is an essential cofactor that helps transport long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria so that they can be oxidized to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Carnitine also helps transport some toxic compounds out of the mitochondria.